Just the Basics – the AR-15 Carbine

 

An introduction of a basic AR-15 Carbine.

The component group that consists of the Barrel, Handguard and the Bolt Carrier Group is the “Upper Receiver”. The component group that consists of the Stock, the Grip, Trigger Assembly and Magazine Well is the “Lower Receiver”. This is the component that is registered with the AFT as a “Firearm” when your weapon is registered.

The Barrel is the component that allows the bullet to exit the carbine after it is fired and adds a spin to the bullet to increase its accuracy.

The Muzzle is the region immediately at the end of the Barrel where the bullet exits.

The Front Sight, used in conjunction with the Rear Sight is used to acquire an accurate sight picture prior to engaging a threat.

The Bolt Carrier Group consists of the Bolt, the Extractor and the Firing Pin. In a gas powered carbine, a portion of the gas expelled by firing the cartridge is fed back down into a port on the front of the Bolt Carrier Group. The bolt is driven back – ejecting the spent casing and then stripping a new cartridge off the top of the Magazine and driving it into the chamber. This also charges the firing pin for firing when the Trigger is pressed to the rear. In a piston driven carbine a portion of the gas expelled by firing the cartridge is used to drive a piston rearward. This then drives the bolt back – ejecting the spent casing and then stripping a new cartridge off the top of the Magazine and driving it into the chamber. This also charges the firing pin for firing when the Trigger is pressed to the rear.

In the event that the Bolt Carrier Group fails to fully seat forward, the Forward Assist can be slapped with a palm to fully seat the Bolt Carrier Group.

The Charging Handle can be used to manually eject a spent casing or a malfunctioning round. Once released, the Bolt Carrier Group will fly forward normally.

The Ejection Port is the location that spent casings are ejection from on the Upper Receiver. The Ejection Port Cover is provided to protect the chamber from dust and debris when the weapon is not being fired.

The Magazine Release is pressed inward to release the Magazine from the Lower Receiver.

The Bolt Release (sometimes called the “Ping Pong Paddle”) is activated by pressing on the “paddle”. This releases the Bolt Carrier Group and allows it to fly forward stripping a new cartridge from the Magazine and seating it in the chamber.

The Fire Selector switch the weapon between Safe and Fire in civilian models. A Burst or Auto position is added to military and some law enforcement models.

The Magazine contains the cartridges to be fired and feeds a new cartridge into chamber each time the weapon if fired – until the magazine is empty.

The Magazine Release is used to drop an empty magazine from the Magazine Well in order to make room for a replacement magazine that is fully loaded.

The Grip is the portion of the Lower Receiver that is actually “gripped” by the shooter.

The Trigger is the component that is pressed to the rear releasing the Firing Pin contained in the Bolt Carrier Group and firing the cartridge.

The Trigger Guard provides protection against an accidental discharge from rubbing the Trigger against something unexpected.

The AR-15 Carbine is loaded by inserting a loaded Magazine into the Magazine Well and seating it with a firm palm-slap to the bottom of the Magazine. The shooter than manually racks the Charging Handle to the rear and releases it or depresses the paddle on the Bolt Release. This will strip a new cartridge out of the Magazine and load it into the chamber at the rear of the Barrel. From this point forward, each time the weapon is fired, part of the energy is captured to automatically force the Bolt Carrier Group to the rear, eject the spent cartridge out of the Ejection Port and to strip a new cartridge from the Magazine and load it into the chamber at the rear of the Barrel. This process will continue each time the Trigger is pressed until the Magazine is empty.

Unloading can be done by depressing the Magazine Release and capturing the Magazine as it falls from the Magazine Well. To display that the weapon is empty, rack the Charging Handle to the rear ejecting any un-fired cartridge that may still be in the chamber out of the Ejection Port. Push the “handle” of the Bolt Carrier Release down locking the bolt to the rear. This allows the shooter to easily verify the weapon is, indeed, empty.

The Stock on most modern AR-15 Carbines is adjustable to establish a proper fit to the shooter for the mission and environment at hand. Also located on the Stock are multiple Sling Points used to attach a portion of a weapon sling to carry the weapon easily on the shooter’s body. A Sling (in this case a “Two Point” Sling) is used to hang the weapon from the shooter’s body. This allows them free hands to deal with whatever situation is before them.

The Handguard is used to protect the shooters support hand from the massive barrel heat that is generated by firing the weapon as he grasps the weapon. The image shows a Handguard that is also a “Quad Rail” Picatinny Rail mounting system. These rails can be used to mount Forward Grips, Sling Points, Lights, Laser Targeting Systems as well as a host of additional attachments.

What is the difference between a “Carbine” and a “Rifle”? Well, it depends on the time period you are looking at. Carbines began to come into their own towards the end of the Civil War. Traditional battlefield rifles were very unwieldy for mounted troops. Heavy, difficult to load, long – it was not a good mix. The advent of the lever action rifle began during the latter half of the war. Still, these “long guns”, while easier to load – were still difficult to handle. Enter the carbine – shorter, firing the same cartridge as the sidearm that was carried they became the staple of the Mounted Calvary. The most famous were the generations of Winchester Lever Action Carbines. And that is what depicted a carbine of that time period – a light rifle that fired the same cartridge as the sidearm the shooter carried.

World War I saw heavy use of bolt-action battlefield rifles and the introduction of the modern day machine gun – little changed in the carbine arena. Fast forward to World War II and the introduction of Garand’s battlefield rifle. Top loaded, rapid firing, exceptionally accurate - yet it was still heavy, bulky and slower to load than was desired. Enter the modern evolution of the battlefield carbine – the M1 carbine. Shorter barrel, loaded by a bottom-fed magazine and significantly lighter. This was the “pattern” established in the military that is carried forward to today.

Vietnam saw the introduction of the M-16 battlefield rifle. This was compressed into the KAR-16 and finally into today’s version – the M4 Carbine.

So, generally, a carbine fires the same cartridge as a full-sized battlefield rifle but comes with a shorter barrel, it’s lighter, usually has an adjustable stock and it’s equipped with the ability for equipment “add-ons”. A smaller, more compact weapon is much easier to handle in both urban and a wide range of field environments and has become a favorite of military organizations worldwide.

Training – NRA Basic Pistol 11/11/2012

 

I originally planned for a full weekend of Defensive Pistol I & II this weekend – no takers.  Yet, enough interest in a NRA Basic Pistol course to spend the day at the range.  Honestly, the weather turned to crap – heavy rain, windy and cold – 30s at our outdoor range.  Winter must be coming.  Kinda glad we did just the Basic Pistol!

Still, Michael, Tim, Jennifer, Ashley, Beth, Fred and Lisa braved the weather and spent the day with me learning a new skill set.  What great folks, kept their head in the game all day and did a great job on the range.  For a couple, it was their first experience.

Lessons Learned:

• Dress for the weather.  While I had rain gear, warm clothing underneath - a couple had light hoodies, no rain gear.  A person starts to “rattle” pretty damn quick in the kind of weather we had today.
• Weather means squat – the bad guys will come at you any time.  Keep your focus, do it right, stick to the basics – and all will be well.  Regardless of their dress, every shooter did this and were successful on their 25 round course of fire.
• Bring a boo-boo kit.  Jennifer caught a thumb in the slide of the Ruger 22/45.  Bled nicely!  Still, another opportunity for a lesson.  Weather, rain, cold and injury can throw a shooter off their game.  Slow down.  Re-focus.  Stick to your business – in this case, clean the wound and apply a band-aid.
• Try new things.  One young lady called and was concerned about shooting in front of folks she didn’t now.  She was afraid the would look foolish and do poorly – she needn’t have worried, she did great! 

It was a good day.  Nice and warm inside during the classroom portion – wet, windy and colder than crap on the range.  “If it ain’t rainin’, we ain’t trainin’” as they say.  A fine time was had by all!

Congrats to Tim, Lisa, Fred, Beth, Michael, Ashley and Jennifer!  Great job!!!

Update 11/14/12:  I completed the “class video” the other day and posted it under “Photos” on the company website.  I thought I would put a link here as well.  It’s LONG – sorry, but how do you tell a person “sorry, your time on the range didn’t count"!”, so I included everything.  There are a couple of things to notice.

Weather:  Yes, that sound that sounds like heavy rain on a tin roof is . . . well . . . . actually heavy rain on a tin roof!  And yes, that is our breath you see – it was in the upper 30s, low 40s, nice training day. 

Boo-boo kit:  Bring them!  You will see a “range repair” at about the 14 min. mark if you want to fast forward. 

Gun Cleaning:  At the 17 min mark you will see my walk-through of how to clean a DA revolver and a Glock 17.  Nothing tricky, just FYI.

NRA BP 11/11/2012

Training – Mindset

 

You hear much from shooters, preppers and trainers about “mindset” – but little about what that really means to them. I also notice that terms seem to get mixed rather easily. The two I want to chat about is “Warrior Mindset” and “Combat Mindset”. While many trainers use them interchangeably, I confess to be a bit of a stickler on “words” and want to point out the differences between the two states of mind. (all IMNSHO, of course )

Warrior: a man engaged or experienced in warfare

Combat: a fight or contest between individuals or groups

The term “warrior” applies to the individual and implies that that individual prepares for – and engages in – warfare. Or, in our case – possible engagements with bad guys.

“Combat” refers to the actual engagement or fight. Preparation is past, you’re in the “Red” Zone and may well be fighting for your life.

The terms are not interchangeable. So let’s chat about each specifically:

Warrior Mindset: For most in the military, this is simply their way of life. Everything from the clothes they wear, the work they do, the physical training they engage in and the job they are assigned revolve around and prepare them for . . . war. It is their environment – their calling, and it feels “natural” for them to do these things.

For a civilian – preparation for war is not natural. And yet, that is what personal defense is all about – war against an individual or individuals that have determined that they are going to harm you. So, as a civilian, as a shooter and as one who has decided to expand your skillset to allow you to better defend yourself, your family and your friends – there is much in the warrior culture that will benefit you.

Physical fitness: Let’s start with the basics. If your body won’t respond to your demands, things will not go well – either in combat or training. If you are out of shape – I’m not going to harp on you about it, just encourage you to get moving – walk, exercise, eat better, reduce your drinking, stop smoking . . . . we all know the list. Yet, now, the stakes are higher. You’ve chosen to be a warrior – time to suck it up and act like one.

Clothing: I would encourage you to dress in such a way that permits you to carry your weapon each and every day. While slinky, low cut, form fitting clothing may show off a woman’s body, they do little to allow you to strap on your weapon every day. And while those high heels sure set off your legs – how fast can you “get off the x” while wearing them.

As for guys – same arguments really. Tight clothing to show off the “six pack” (I wish – heavy sigh), they also print your weapon rather nicely as well. Crappy shoes or flip-flops provide the same challenge as spike heels – they slow your movement.

Clothing appropriate for the weather will insure you can operate for as long nas you need it biting cold or blistering heat. Add a small backpack to your daily routine to carry a days rations and a couple of bottles of water, perhaps a spare magazine or two – and your clothing is rounded out.

Lifestyle: This has more to do with how you see the world around you. Acknowledge that to many – you are simply a target, an opportunity. If you are simply a blissful boob your chances of standing out to a bad guy are much higher. If you live in condition “yellow”, work on keeping your awareness level high enough to note possible threats or to catch odd movements in your field of vision, your chances of survival go up.

It has to do with how your drive, where you drive, where you live, who you associate with, how your home is laid out, what’s in your cupboards, on our shelves. It’s about adapting a lifestyle that acknowledges possibilities while not becoming a tinfoil hat wearing, hasmat suit wearing freak. You KNOW the difference, now – do it.

Weapons Training: You have already chosen to get some level of weapons training. You probably started out with the basics, spend range time and maybe even have “moved up”. Good. Keep it up! Plan your range sessions and track them. Learn your weapons – clean, disassemble and reassemble them, work on different shooting positions, shoot with a wide range of weapons, attend trainings by different instructors (I suggest you do at least one advanced training a year – yes, I know they’re expensive) . . . . . . There are simply NO SHORTCUTS . . . . . TRAIN!!!

Warrior Mindset – it’s simply a new way of life.

Combat Mindset: Combat Mindset is all about the “Red Zone”. For whatever reason your vigilance failed you. You stepped around a corner, bad guys have broken in your doors, someone has pulled a gun in the convenience store, a distraught person has walked into church with a shotgun, a guy in black with a gas mask was entered the theater . . . . it’s on!

The Red Zone is where death happens easily. Hesitation guarantees a trip in a Ziploc.  Instant reaction reduces this possibility . . . . It is that place where your mental training on the range comes into play. The fast – easy draw, the focal alignment down the top of the slide, the confident trigger press helps change the odds in your favor.

During the 5-10 seconds of actual combat there is no “thought” simply action. Engage the bad guy with everything – your gun or your knife or your flashlight or your knees or your head or your hands or your teeth . . . . Red Zones are those places where a single person is typically the victor and the loser becomes the chalk outline on the floor.

Combat Mindset is that tool that you use to ensure you fully engage your bad guy, that you fight with every skill you have learned and every physical and mental resource and weapon you have at hand. It’s what insures that you . . . . .

. . . are the survivor.

So, to me – they are two distinct mindsets. The Warrior Mindset is about lifestyle and preparation for possible threats. Combat Mindset is how you respond to the Red Zone.

You need both to go home at the end of the day . . . . .

Commentary - They chose the ice cream cone . . . .

 

Just some thoughts on the election last night and what it means to you as a person who is actively training for personal defense.

There has been any number of reasons for Obama’s win that has been talked about during today’s review of last night’s results by “the pundits”.

Romney didn’t speak to the people . . .

Obama had more empathy . . . .

The republicans need to reach out to Hispanics . . . . Blacks . . . . Women . . . Vaginas . . . .

Hurricane Sandy gave Obama a boost . . . .

Cristy blew it by embracing Obama . . . .

. . . . and on, and on, and on, and on . . . . . .

I think the reason is much easier to understand . . . . they chose the fellow who gave them “the ice cream cone”.

Today, as I type this we are a nation with 23 MILLION unemployed ( a rate nearing 15%), we offer 99 WEEKS of unemployment assistance and then – apparently – easily allow an individual to transfer to SS disability. The roles of the food stamp programs overflow with folks that have seemingly taken up fulltime residence. 49% of folks in the country pay no income taxes. There are more on the local, state and federal payroll systems than are employed by the private sector. Here, in the state of Iowa, a person can collect nearly $34,000 is public assistance.

And President Obama confidently stood before the American people, chided Romney for being so out of touch and held out all these “ice cream cones” and said: “Vote for me and the ice cream will keep coming.” America chose “the ice cream cone” over freedom, over personal responsibility, over moral behavior. I believe the tipping point has been reached, there is no going back. We see evidence of this throughout Europe – Greece, Italy, Spain, France, Britain – to name just a few. Our populace is now addicted to “the ice cream cone” and it will not go well if the flow stops . . .

It’s not going to go well . . . . .

How does this feed into personal defense??

Folks used to seeing a monthly deposit show up on their HHS card - each and every month - will be “disappointed” when that stops, or when it only buys ¼ of what they are used to buying. And that gravy train is going to stop . . . . .

Romney had a chance to begin to bend the curve. That chance is gone. Obama shows no signs of seriously curtailing his spending habits – but – China is beginning to show concerns about continued lending to the US, at least at current interest rates. Mix in Moody’s hints at another downgrade and it is easy to see that the well could easily run dry in the next 2-4 years. When that happens – those little plastic HHS cards will begin to come up empty. That is not going to go well . . . .

You have all the time you need – today – to begin to prepare for this. I have some thoughts (no real surprise there I suspect).

• Begin a rainy day cash fund – today. Target $1,000 as soon as you can, then grow it.
• Lay in a 3-month supply of food. Rotate it.
• Review your arms – rifle, shotgun, handguns. Nothing fancy, no “tricked out guns”, just good solid weapons.
• Lay in a store of ammunition – start with 500 rounds for each weapon. Don’t touch this; this is your defensive ammunition.
• Get range time with .22s, run and confirm your primary weapons are in good working order, know how to strip-clean-and perform simple repairs on all your weapons.
• Have a plan if TSHTF – nothing need be elaborate – rendezvous points, radio frequencies if appropriate, what to do if you’re separated, etc. Remember, all the time in the world, work on this NOW.
• Pack a “Go Bag”.
• Form alliances with your neighbors – get to know them, share your concerns/fears, enroll them if this process.

Of course, you can take this down the road of “prepper madness”, and I have no problem with that at all. I am concerned that you do SOMETHING. The flow of free money and services simply cannot continue – period. When that particular gravy train stops, there will be millions of unhappy folks looking to simply take “what they deserve”. My suggestion is to not be an easy mark.

You earned your own ice cream cone . . . .

You better be prepared to defend it!

Survival – A Car Survival Kit

 

Phone rings: Dad??

Me: Hey Sweetie – what’s cookin’?? (It’s our daughter, Ms. C.)

Ms. C: You still going to Pennsylvania???????

Me: Sure kiddo – why wouldn’t I??

Ms. C: Hurricane Sandy – rain – wind – could be dangerous!! Duh!!

It seems I am slipping into that age where my kids feel compelled to “care for” me. Never mind I have done fairly well in that department for any number of years – there is concern in her voice.

Me: Oh kiddo, not to worry. I’ll pull off if it get’s bad. (I actually did – in Sandusky, Ohio – about 2 hours earlier than I wanted.)

Ms. C: OK, be careful – make sure your “kit” is in the car!!!

Me: Always is sweetie, I’ll be careful.

Usual father/daughter conversation followed once she had expressed her concern and made sure I was prepared for bad weather. I had my “kit” in the car.

I find it funny that she is grilling me about this considering all the crap she gave me when I checked her car prior to winter trips back to school or out east when they lived there. Sleeping bags, boots, extra clothing, flashlights . . . .

In addition to this, I have a “food box” . . . . and that’s what I want to work on in this post. A simple ammo can filled with 3-days of rations that’s fairly inexpensive, long lasting, stores easily and will take the edge off what could easily be a life-threatening situation.

Most folks get into trouble when things go sideways because they have not thought ahead, have not planned – they assume all will be well.  Sometimes, life takes a detour.  And, when that happens – being unprepared leads to fear, leads to panic and finally leads to stupid choices.  Every year folks freeze to death by leaving their car during a blizzard only to be found days later by a search party.  Or they head into the dessert assume the car they are driving will actually make it to the next point of civilization.  Or a simple fishing trip turns into an ordeal through an unfortunate turn of weather or engine failure.  Having a “kit” takes the edge off and allows you to “take a breath”, review your plan and increases your chances of seeing your family one more time.

I have plastic ammo boxes up the whazzo (highly technical engineering term that – whazzo!!). The amount of ammunition I buy from Cabela’s annually has assured me of enough ammo boxes to pack up a small homestead! I use them for many things – range boxes, actually storing ammo, a large first aid kit, timing box for the steel shoots, storage box for my training weapons . . . . . there is an endless host of opportunities to use these little puppies. So, let’s look at a kit for your car that would hold a 3-day supply of food for one to two people. It would look something like this:

 

 

On the left is buttoned up and secured with a carabineer. On the right, a glimpse into what is tucked away in the box.

General supplies include a couple rolled up contractor (3mil) cleanup bags, 50 ft of 1/8 inch nylon rope, a pocket survival kit with everything from matches to a small compass to a fishing kit, two survival candles for heat/cooking/light and a fire starting kit. Note the use of “Altoid” cans – these are the perfect sized boxes for a host of projects.

A small cook kit consisting of denatured alcohol for fuel, a coke can stove, aluminum foil windscreen and a small titanium pot with lid and bag to hold the kit. 16 oz of fuel can easily provide 3-days of cooking.

Every since my SEA “vacation” I honestly do not like the taste of water. So, I include packets of hot chocolate mix and some Crystal Lite flavoring for the water. No weight, nice comfort food and not bad tasting.

Breakfast, lunch and snack are covered by instant oatmeal (two packets per day), instant cup-of-soup and some chewy bars. BTW, this is traditional fare on my backpack and canoe trips, this is what I eat for breakfast, snacks and what I drink.

 

  

Supper is dehydrated meals. You can feed two folks in a pinch but after a day on the trail a single person can scarf down an entire pack pretty darn easy. And, for water, throw a couple of Nalgenes in the car – filled. And, put a number of wraps of duct tape around the bottles – it really comes in handy.

All of this fits (with the exception of the Nalgenes) within the ammo can with room to spare. It is such cheap insurance, I encourage you to consider this addition to your vehicles.

And – use the darn thing! Just as it is worthless to simply buy a gun and then not train with it, it is useless to build a kit such as this and not practice with it. Practice builds confidence so when things go to shit, you have an out. Dress appropriately (warm clothing, rain gear, sturdy shoes), go to a near by park/campground, take your “kit” and spend the weekend. Build fires, prepare meals, build your own stove (“Heat” for your car’s gas tank makes great fuel – NOTE: DO NOT USE FRICKING GASOLINE FOR FUEL IN THE STOVE!!!!!!!!!), build a shelter with the contractor bags. Once you have mastered a full kit, cut it in half and do the process again.

If you never take the time to use the gear you will simply not be prepared when “the time” comes.  And, if you never pack the box . . . .

well . . . . . sometimes . . . .

too late . . . .

is actually . . . .

too late . . . . . .

Personal - A “Meeting”

 

On-Line friendships are an interesting development. They are similar to those I created in my “ham” radio days – distant, tentative yet personal in an odd way. I am, by nature, a “hugger” – I embrace people easily and am driven to get to know much more about them than an on-air, or on-line persona. Today I had the opportunity to meet an on-line friend of about 11 months for a quick meal, a face2face meeting and some very good conversation.

It’s been a long week – new customer, new install, new trainings – and hours and hours and hours and . . . . . of windshield time. It was time to head for home – a 2-day process. I noted that I would come within “calling” distance of Ms. B – the blogger know as Brigid of Home on the Range. So, at the end of a very long day of driving – including snow, sleet and rain, I sat with her and a friend for a very nice meal and good conversation. There is something about sitting down to a meal with another that lowers barriers, encourages conversation and allows the true person to appear. And so it was. What a genuinely nice person – warm, funny, chatty -  that met me with the warm hug of a long-time friend.

Ms. B – it was great to meet you in person, looking forward to the next time! And, one of your world-famous home cooked meals!

Training – POV – The “tape” doesn’t lie!

 

Good news, bad news about a head-mounted POV camera.

Good news: You can see exactly what you are doing – right and wrong.

Bad News: You can see exactly what you are doing – right and wrong.

My first live range experiment was at our final steel shoot of the year. Great day, sunny, warm and the 2^nd day of Pheasant season. Result – 6 shooters. Heavy sigh. Rick said he didn’t want to shoot so for the first time this year I got to shoot the whole time – 2 hours. Very nice.

A couple things about our steel shoots. We only have 2 lanes to set up in. We don’t do the 5-rounds through each station and throw out the worst case, we just shoot either lane as much as we want. We do keep times and I post the lowest time for each shoot.

We also have smaller targets for our shoots – 8-inch rounds and 8x10 rectangles. And, we use only 4ft stands. Our intent was to just introduce our members to steel. Honestly, it’s been a great success with 20 shooters or so showing up twice a month. Great fun!

So, it was a great chance to try the Contour ROAM a bit more. I filmed all my rounds but I have selected 3 to chat about.

First – I run dry. Heavy sigh. 10 rounds, still not able to clean the plates. Why even show this? Well, it’s good to stay grounded. Everyone sucks at these things – perhaps more often than we care to admit. Second and Third - they let me watch myself “over my shoulder”. It lets me see what I do when it goes fairly smooth and when I can’t hit a darn thing. In other words, it’s a great learning tool and I’m learning to like it.

My first run was the one I ran dry on. Let’s see – mmmmmm – excuses; first run, I wasn’t “ready”. I was nervous because I was on camera. I haven’t shot much this year. . . . . and on it goes. Actually, my first round sucked – head wasn’t in the game, hurried shots and I became frustrated with my misses. Sadly, it’s all there to see . . . . enjoy!

 

Shoot it dry!

The next run up for your consideration – I cleaned the plates, emptied the gun to do it – all 10 rounds. Heavy sigh. The purpose for this video is to show the importance of follow through. You need to keep your weapon on the “threat” (plate) until it’s down (or you hear the “Ping”). You will notice that I get antsy and move off the plate and then I have to come back, reacquire and send another round down range. Heavy sigh. Follow through . . . follow through . . . . follow through . . . .

 

11:30

Finally, an OK run. 7.24 seconds with one repeat plate. Notice I stayed focused on each plate until the hit was confirmed. I slowed down a bit and kept my head in the game through the run. Could it be faster – oh yeah. There was a 14 year old kid there running his dad’s Benelli M96 for the first frickin’ time!!!!! 4.54!!!!!! Heavy sigh.

Anyway, here’s my run!

 

7:24

I am beginning to see the real value of a POV camera in training. Midland has a great starter kit for around $100. Shop around; consider adding it as a part of your training kit. You’ll be surprised what you’ll learn when you look over your own shoulder!